Oakland, CA

• Participants used rail and bus the most. 

• Some tried new modes, like micromobility and the ferry.

• Participants used personal cars less, and transit and micromobility more. See an example of one participant’s mode shifts.

• Participants reported better transportation experience. 

• The pilot facilitated access to jobs, food, health care, and social and recreational opportunities. 

• Participants reported increased ability to save money, take care of basic needs, get or keep a job, enjoy recreation and exercise, and improve social relationships. See full results.

• Participants reported higher overall life satisfaction during the pilot.

• Some participants experienced a meaningful decrease in psychological stress and improved well-being.

 (See publication for more detail)

• Participants used the provided micromobility services 4-6 days per week on average.

• Participants reduced use of ridehailing during the pilot. Bus use was high at baseline and remained high during the pilot. 

• Participants reported better transportation experience during the pilots in terms of ease of access, travel time, and enjoyment, but not in terms of affordability of preferred modes and safety. 

• The pilot facilitated access to jobs, food, health care, and social and recreational opportunities. 

• Participants reported increased ability to save money, take care of basic needs, get or keep a job, enjoy recreation and exercise, and improve social relationships. See full results.

• Participants were able to carry out daily activities with more comfort and dignity due to the provided transportation services. See illustrative quotes.

• Some participants experienced a meaningful decrease in psychological stress related to transportation and improved well-being. See illustrative quotes.

Bakersfield, CA

Los Angeles, CA

• Participants spent the majority of funds on ridehailing, followed by LA Metro bus and rail. Based on the average cost per trip, LA Metro estimates that the Mobility Wallet purchased about 80,000 transit trips and 60,000 ridehailing trips.

• The pilot facilitated access to various destinations, including work, school, medical appointments, shopping and other errands, and social and recreational trips.

• Participants reported an increase in transportation security as compared to the control group, meaning that they experienced barriers to transportation less often as a result of the pilot.

• Participants reported an increase in the overall frequency of travel compared to the control group. They also reported taking more ride-hailing trips and traveling to more destinations, including visiting family and friends, shopping, and medical trips.

• Participants reported improved access to destinations compared to the control group, indicating that they had fewer inaccessible destinations as a result of the Mobility Wallet.

• Some participants reported that beyond transportation, the funds helped them save more of their own income for other daily and emergency expenses.

• Most participants were unaware of the full range of services that could be purchased with the Mobility Wallet, with particularly low levels of awareness about being able to purchase a bike or rent a car with the funds.

• Participants spent the majority of funds on ridehailing, followed by local transit. The program experienced underutilization of funds during its first year before ridehailing was introduced as an eligible mode, but participants began to spend funds more actively once this option was available.

• Participants reported substantial increases in transportation security scores. While the analysis did not include a control group, and some of the observed changes may relate to external factors, results suggest that the pilot may have significantly improved transportation security for over 40% of members. 

• Participants reported a variety of mode shifts that suggest pilot effects on travel behaviors. For survey respondents who completed the midpoint survey before introducing ridehailing as an eligible expense, most of the observed mode shifts involved moving towards carshare or transit as a primary mode. After ridehailing was added as an eligible expense, members who completed the midpoint survey were most likely to report a shift to ridehailing as a primary mode of travel. The carsharing service in Stockton had a limited number of access points, while ridehailing can provide quick access to all pickup locations.

• Most participants agreed that the pilot had improved their attendance at work and school (for members who reported traveling to work and school), made visiting friends and family outside the neighborhood easier, and helped them be on time for medical appointments. 

• Most participants agreed that the pilot helped them save money on traveling and save more of their income for household expenses beyond travel, such as groceries, home-related costs, and emergency expenses.

• As most participants reported that they could not travel to where they needed to go by transit alone, ride-hailing may be serving as a means to fill transit gaps in underserved parts of the region. Given that approximately 33% of respondents reported a short-term or permanent disability, the availability of ridehailing may present a more feasible option than car-share or transit services, especially for infrequent trips.  

•  

Stockton, CA